Large-scale structure formation and galaxy evolution in high-density environments are important open issues. Direct investigations into evolutionary steps of galaxy clusters will enable us to address these questions. Now, the unprecedented imaging data of the Hyper SuprimeCam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP), for the first time, allows us to make a systematic study of protoclusters even at high redshifts. Based on the latest data release of the HSC-SSP, a large sample of protocluster candidates are constructed in the ∼121 deg2 WIDE layer by using the same procedure, which is well established in our previous study. Thus, we propose to carry out follow-up spectroscopy for the confirmation of three plausible protocluster candidates at z∼4, which are ranked in top five overdense regions over whole WIDE layer. We will reveal the three-dimensional galaxy distribution from both viewpoints of internal and large-scale structures by using the wide field-of-view of Keck/DEIMOS. We will also estimate the physical properties of protocluster galaxies to seek a possible difference from field galaxies. Then, we will investigate the relation between structures and galaxy properties in order to discuss cluster formation and environmental effects on galaxy evolution.
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